This is a longitudinal project focused on the long-term effects of early social adversity on social, affective, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes in macaques, and the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these relationships. Naturalistic observation, structured behavioural tasks, and MRI (anatomical, diffusion, rs-functional) are being utlized to assess brain and behavioural development from pre-puberty, across adolescence, into early adulthood. The project is supported by funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE37-0023), the Fondation de France (No. 00079331), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD064653), and a Marie Curie Individual Fellowship awarded to Holly Rayson (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie; grant agreement No. 841210) to look at the effects of early adversity on a relationship between affect-biased attention and anxiety, and its underlying neural correlates .